One Year After Tariff Shock, Exporters Still Uncertain (cross-border guide)

One year after the 39% US duties, the rate on Swiss goods is 12.5% but remains unpredictable: negotiations, rulings and new investigations keep exporters on their toes
Context
In a nutshell
- On April 2, 2025 Trump announced tariffs of 10% base plus reciprocal
- Switzerland initially planned a duty of 31%, then increased to 39%
- After negotiations and judgments, the rate currently in force is 12.5%
- A maximum ceiling of 15% was agreed in the November 2025 Memorandum of Understanding
Key facts
- What: US duties on Swiss exports
- When: Initial announcement on 2 April 2025, scheduled to take effect on 7 August 2025
- Where: Zurich, home to the main exporters' associations
- Who: US Government under Trump, Swiss Federal Council
- Amount: Current rate of 12.5%, initially planned at 31%, then increased to 39%, agreed ceiling of 15%
A year ago, the stranglehold of US tariffs hit the Swiss export economy with all its might. The punitive tariffs of 39% announced at the time had sparked fears of a collapse in exports, falling margins and thousands of jobs at risk. 12 months later, exporters still have to contend with a rate of 12.5%.
The 39% rate represented the temporary highlight of a development that had already begun several months earlier. On 2 April 2025, US President Donald Trump had announced, on his so-called “Liberation Day”, a 10% basic duty on almost all imports, in addition to additional country-specific “reciprocal” duties.
For
Operational details
Analysis of implications for Swiss exports
The persistence of a US customs rate of 12.5% on Swiss goods represents a significant additional cost for exporting companies, particularly in traditionally strong sectors such as precision mechanics, watchmaking and the pharmaceutical chemical industry. This burden adds to the already high pressures on the cost of living in Switzerland, indirectly influencing pricing strategies and international competitiveness.
From a business perspective, the unpredictability described in the source creates difficulties in medium- and long-term planning. While the current rate of 12.5% is lower than both the peak of 39% and the agreed ceiling of 15%, the possibility of a new tightening linked to the industrial overcapacity survey keeps the level of attention high. This scenario is particularly relevant considering that exports constitute a significant share of Swiss GDP, with direct impacts on employment in industrial cantons such as Zurich, Bern and Basel.
The shift from legal foundations such as IEEPA to those based on Section 301 of the Trade Act regarding forced labor demonstrates how US trade policy can move quickly between different legal justifications. For Swiss companies, this requires constant monitoring not only of the effective rates, but also of the underlying motivations
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Key points
In fronte alla persistente incertezza sulla politica commerciale statunitense, le imprese esportatrici svizzere possono adottare diverse misure concrete per mitigare i rischi e mantenere la competitività.
1) Monitoraggio attivo delle fonti ufficiali: seguire regolarmente gli aggiornamenti del SECO (Stato Segretariato dell'Economia) sulle politiche commerciali statunitensi e le comunicazioni dell'Ambasciata svizzera a Washington. Il SECO pubblica bollettini settimanali sulle evoluzioni doganali che interessano l'export svizzero.
2) Diversificazione dei mercati: valutare l'espansione verso mercati meno volatili come l'Unione Europea, la Cina o i paesi emergenti dell'Asia sud-orientale. Secondo i dati storici citati nella fonte, la dipendenza dal mercato statunitense ha rappresentato un punto di vulnerabilità durante la crisi dei dazi del 2025.
3) Analisi dell'impatto sui costi: calcolare precisamente l'effetto dell'aliquota del 12,5% sui margini di profitto per linea di prodotto. Questa analisi dovrebbe includere scenari di possibili aumenti fino al tetto concordato del 15%, per preparare piani di contingenza.
4) Coinvolgimento delle associazioni di categoria: partecipare attivamente ai lavori delle associazioni esportatrici svizzere (come Swissmem per la meccanica o chimie.swiss per l'industria chimica) che mantengono canali di dialogo sia con il Consiglio federale che con le autorità statunitensi.
5) Valutazione di strumenti di copertura: esplorare con la propria banca o consulente finanziario la possibilità di utilizzare strumenti assicurativi o finanziari per coprire il rischio di variazioni improvvise delle tariffe doganali, sebbene la fonte non specifichi quali strumenti siano attualmente disponibili o consigliati.
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Frequently Asked Questions
- What was the US customs rate initially planned for Switzerland in April 2025?
- A 31% tariff was initially planned for Switzerland, which Washington had then justified with the high trade deficit of the United States vis-à-vis Switzerland.
- Why was the rate then increased to 39%?
- The Federal Council had tried to obtain a reduction through diplomatic means: a phone call from the then President of the Confederation Karin Keller-Sutter had not led to the hoped-for turning point: an enraged Donald Trump had tightened the measure, decreeing punitive customs duties of 39%, among the highest in the world.
- What is the current rate on Swiss goods entering the United States?
- The rate currently in force, equal to 12.5%, is therefore lower than the agreed limit.
- What ceiling was agreed between Switzerland and the United States in November 2025?
- In November 2025 the two countries agreed in a declaration of intent to a maximum ceiling of 15% of most US customs duties on Swiss products.
- On what legal basis are duties on Swiss goods currently based?
- Upon its expiration, Washington based the measures on an investigation under Section 301 relating to forced labor. However, a second investigation is underway focusing on alleged overcapacity in industrial production, which could lead to higher customs duties on Swiss goods entering the United States.