Border taxes Italy Switzerland 2026: driving over 20 km

Context

In brief

• Withholding tax levied in Switzerland
• For Article 9 of the Agreement, “old frontier workers” are people who met the tax requirements and worked in Graubünden, Ticino or Valais on 17 July 2023 or during the period from 31 December 2018 through 17 July 2023. Article 9 keeps covered employment income taxable exclusively at source in Switzerland; other workers follow the ordinary regime, with ordinary taxation in Italy, a credit for Swiss tax and Swiss withholding at 80% of the ordinary rates. The €10,000 figure in Article 4 of Italian Law No. 83/2023 is only the income limit referred to in Article 1(175) of Law No. 147/2013; it is not a general allowance for new frontier workers. Sources: ESTV factsheet (Italian) · Agreement, Art. 9 · Law No. 83/2023, Art. 4.
• New Agreement in force since January 1, 2024
• Tax credit in Italy to avoid double taxation

Key facts

Frontalieri Agreement: signed 12/23/2020, in force 01/01/2024 Italian Ratification: Law 83 of 06/13/2023 Double Taxation Convention: 12/09/1976 The €10,000 threshold in Article 4 of Italian Law No. 83/2023 applies exclusively to employment income earned continuously and exclusively by Italian residents in a foreign border area or neighbouring country, as referred to in Article 1(175) of Law No. 147/2013; it is neither a general allowance nor an exemption from Swiss withholding tax. Old cross-border workers remain taxed only in Switzerland (Art. 9 of the 2020 Agreement). IRPEF 23%: up to 28,000 euros

The tax framework for those who work in Switzerland and reside in Italy is governed by precise rules, with particular attention to those who exceed a distance of 20 km. The withholding tax on employment income is levied in Switzerland. To prevent the worker from paying twice on the same income, Italy applies a tax credit through the CE section of the 730 tax return.

The new tax regime

The New Frontalieri Agreement, signed on December 23, 2020, and ratified in Italy with Law 83 of June 13, 2023, entered into force on January 1, 2024. This text defines the basis of current taxation, which will continue through 2026. Since Switzerland is not a member of the EU or EEA, it relies on the Double Taxation Convention signed on March 9, 1976, to coordinate tax flows with the Italian State.

The administration of these taxes is divided between the AFC/ESTV (Federal Tax Administration) at the federal level and the cantonal tax administrations. It is important to clarify that entities such as UFAS or BFS have no power to set tax rates, as they deal respectively with social security and statistics.

Operational details

Practical Analysis and Tax Scenarios

The distinction between cross-border workers residing at different distances from the border, particularly the 20 km limit, influences the perception of the overall tax burden. Although withholding tax is collected in Switzerland, the final calculation in Italy depends on IRPEF rates: 23% for income up to 28,000 euros, 33% between 28,001 and 50,000 euros, and 43% over 50,000 euros.

Hypothetical Taxation Scenarios

To understand the impact, let us consider two scenarios based on the provided exemptions. Old cross-border workers remain taxed only in Switzerland (Art. 9 of the 2020 Agreement). The €10,000 limit is not a general allowance: Article 4 of Italian Law No. 83/2023 applies it only to the income referred to in Article 1(175) of Law No. 147/2013.

The analysis of the net amount also depends on mandatory Swiss contributions. The payslip shows AVS/AI/IPG deductions at 5.3% borne by the employee, unemployment insurance AD/AC at 1.1% (with a ceiling of 148,200 CHF), and LAINF between 0.7% and 1.5%. To these is added the LPP, which varies between 7% and 18% depending on the age group, starting from age 25.

The €10,000 limit is not a general allowance: Article 4 of Italian Law No. 83/2023 applies it only to the income referred to in Article 1(175) of Law No. 147/2013. Those residing beyond 20 km must carefully monitor the tax credit to avoid reporting errors that could lead to penalties from the Agenzia delle Entrate. To optimize the calculation of your net salary, it is useful to use a calculator updated with the 2026 rates.

Useful tools for your case

To verify your within/over 20 km tax scenario, use the net salary calculator and the tax return guide.

Key points

Operational Guide and Steps to Follow

To correctly manage taxation in 2026, especially for those residing beyond 20 km, it is necessary to follow a rigorous reporting procedure. Managing the flows between Switzerland and Italy requires precision in the documents submitted to the Agenzia delle Entrate and the MEF.

Tax Declaration Checklist

1. Retrieval of the Swiss income certificate: a fundamental document issued by the cantonal tax administration. 2. The €10,000 limit is not a general allowance: Article 4 of Italian Law No. 83/2023 applies it only to the income referred to in Article 1(175) of Law No. 147/2013. 3. Completion of the CE section of the 730 form: entry of taxes paid in Switzerland to request the tax credit and neutralize double taxation. 4. Check of social security contributions: verification of AVS and LPP quotas paid for possible coordination with INPS.

In addition to taxes, the cross-border worker must manage the LAMal health insurance. Holders of a G permit have a right of option for insurance; for adults, the provided deductibles vary from 300 to 2,500 CHF. It is essential that this choice is consistent with one's health situation and budget.

For those who want a complete overview of the costs associated with commuting, it is possible to compare transport expenses and living costs through our dedicated tools. If you are planning your budget for 2026, we recommend simulating the impact of IRPEF rates and Swiss withholdings. You can do this quickly using our calculator to estimate the real net salary after all deductions and taxes.