When a democracy stops being one

Context

In brief

• Democracy can erode gradually, not just through coups.
• Elections are no longer the sole indicator of democracy.
• The United States and Hungary show signs of democratic regression.

Key facts

• What: Decline of democracy worldwide.
• When: Reports published in March 2026.
• Where: Globally, with a focus on the United States and Hungary.
• Who: International IDEA, Freedom House, V-Dem.
• Amount: 20 consecutive years of global freedom decline according to Freedom House.

The question of when a democracy stops being one is complex and has no single answer. Kevin Casas-Zamora, Secretary-General of the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), argues that the main criterion is the ability to achieve significant political change through the ballot box. However, this criterion is becoming increasingly unreliable.

The gradual decline of democracy

Once, the collapse of democracy was evident: military coups or canceled elections. Today, the line is more blurred. The gradual erosion of democratic rules and norms has become the main characteristic of what is termed 'democratic regression.' This phenomenon is not always visible, but it has a significant impact on citizens and cross-border workers living in Ticino and working in Switzerland.

United States and Hungary: case studies

The United States and Hungary are examples of countries where democracy has been called into question. According to V-Dem, the United States shifted from 'liberal democracy' to 'electoral democracy' in 2025 due to the concentration of executive power under Donald Trump. Freedom House found significant issues with freedom of expression and corruption but continues to consider the United States 'free.'

In Hungary, the institutional reforms implemented by Viktor Orbán between 2010 and 2026 and the politicization of courts and media under the Fidesz party have raised questions about the country's democratic status. V-Dem classifies Hungary as an 'electoral autocracy,' while Freedom House considers it 'partly free' and the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) defines it as a 'flawed democracy.'

Challenges in defining democracy

Defining precisely when a democracy ends is not straightforward. Competitive elections are probably the 'key aspect,' but even this is difficult to define. Many non-democratic regimes hold elections, and subtler factors can alter the rules of the electoral game. If an incumbent government uses state resources to monopolize media coverage and promote its campaign, is such a vote still democratic?

Modern conceptions of democracy have extended beyond elections to include a broader range of rights and freedoms, hence the term 'liberal democracy.' V-Dem combines various criteria 'like Lego bricks' through indices such as participation and equality, placing countries on a spectrum from more to less democratic.

Implications for cross-border workers in Ticino

The implications of these changes for cross-border workers in Ticino are significant. Democratic stability is a crucial factor for security and long-term planning. The concentration of executive power and the politicization of media and courts can influence the perception of security and trust in institutions, both in Switzerland and Italy. Furthermore, democratic regression can impact immigration policies and the rights of cross-border workers.

Conclusion

The question of when a democracy stops being one remains complex and without a single answer. However, it is clear that the gradual decline of democracy is a reality that requires attention and vigilance. For cross-border workers in Ticino, understanding these dynamics is fundamental to navigating an ever-evolving political and social context.

Operational details

Practical Analysis: Implications for Cross-Border Workers

The decline of democracy can have a significant impact on the daily lives of cross-border workers in Ticino. The concentration of executive power and the politicization of institutions can influence political stability and legal security, crucial elements for those living and working between two countries.

Concrete Scenarios

1. Immigration Policies: A decline in democracy can lead to more restrictive immigration policies, affecting work and residence permits for cross-border workers. It is important to monitor legislative changes and prepare for potential changes. 2. Workers' Rights: The politicization of courts and media can influence the protection of workers' rights. Cross-border workers must be aware of their legal protections and the procedures to assert their rights. 3. Access to Services: The concentration of power can influence access to public services and infrastructure. Cross-border workers must be informed about their rights and the procedures to access the services they need.

Before and After Comparison

Before the democratic decline, cross-border workers could rely on stable and transparent institutions. Today, the situation is more complex and requires greater attention and preparation. It is essential to stay informed and actively participate in political and social life to defend one's rights and interests.

Concrete Procedures

1. Monitor Legislative Changes: Cross-border workers should stay updated on legislative changes that may affect their situation. Use reliable sources and participate in forums and discussions to stay informed. 2. Consult a Lawyer: In case of legal doubts or disputes, it is advisable to consult a lawyer specializing in labor and immigration law. A professional can provide personalized advice and help navigate a complex legal context. 3. Participate in Political Life: Cross-border workers can influence local and national policies by participating in elections and public consultations. Active participation is fundamental to defending one's rights and interests.

Useful Tools

• Salary Calculator: Use the salary calculator to estimate your net income and plan your expenses.
• Permit Comparator: Use the permit comparator to compare different residence and work permit options.
• Guide to Workers' Rights: Consult the guide to workers' rights to know the legal protections and procedures to assert your rights.

Recommended tools

For an updated estimate, use the net salary calculator and the CHF-EUR exchange comparator.

Key points

Concrete actions for cross-border workers

To address the challenges posed by the decline of democracy, cross-border workers in Ticino can follow a series of concrete steps. Here is a practical guide to navigating a constantly evolving political and social context.

Step-by-step

1. Stay informed: Keep up-to-date with the latest news and political developments. Use reliable sources and participate in forums and discussions to stay informed. 2. Consult a lawyer: In case of doubts or legal disputes, it is advisable to consult a lawyer specializing in labor law and immigration. A professional can provide personalized advice and help navigate a complex legal context. 3. Participate in political life: Cross-border workers can influence local and national policies by participating in elections and public consultations. Active participation is fundamental to defending their rights and interests. 4. Use useful tools: Use the salary calculator to estimate your net income and plan your expenses. Use the permit comparator to compare the different residence and work permit options. Consult the worker rights guide to learn about legal protections and procedures to assert your rights. 5. Plan for the long term: Political stability and legal security are fundamental for long-term planning. Cross-border workers must consider the implications of democratic decline on their future prospects and plan accordingly.

Deadlines and procedures

• Monitor legislative changes: Cross-border workers must stay informed about legislative changes that may affect their situation. Use reliable sources and participate in forums and discussions to stay informed.
• Consult a lawyer: In case of doubts or legal disputes, it is advisable to consult a lawyer specializing in labor law and immigration. A professional can provide personalized advice and help navigate a complex legal context.
• Participate in elections: Cross-border workers can influence local and national policies by participating in elections and public consultations. Active participation is fundamental to defending their rights and interests.

Final CTA

To best plan for your future, cross-border workers in Ticino can use the salary calculator to estimate their net income and plan their expenses. Additionally, it is useful to consult the worker rights guide to learn about legal protections and procedures to assert their rights.

Source: rsi.ch